Kings of Israel and Judah
Every king of Israel and Judah, from Saul to Zedekiah, with the years of each reign, how long it lasted, and Scripture’s verdict on each. After Solomon the kingdom divided: Judah had 20 rulers, of whom 6 did what was right in Yahweh’s eyes; Israel had 19, and Scripture says 17 of them did evil.
Dates follow Ussher’s Annals of the World. Most modern chronologies date the first kings of the divided kingdom 40 to 50 years later, coming close to Ussher by the fall of Samaria. A reign’s length is as Scripture gives it, which can include years shared with a father. Each name opens a page about the king.
The united kingdom
| King | Years | Reigned | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saul | 1095–1055 BC | 40 years | Mixed (1 Samuel 15:23) |
| Ish-bosheth (over Israel) | 1055–1048 BC | 2 years | No verdict |
| David (over Judah, at Hebron) | 1055–1048 BC | 7 years 6 months | Right (1 Kings 15:5) |
| David | 1048–1015 BC | 33 years in Jerusalem (40 in all) | Right (1 Kings 15:5) |
| Solomon | 1015–975 BC | 40 years | Mixed (1 Kings 11:6) |
Judah and Israel side by side
From the division of the kingdom in 975 BC to the fall of Samaria (721 BC) and of Jerusalem (588 BC), in the order each reign began.
| Years | Judah | Israel |
|---|---|---|
| 975–958 BC | Rehoboam 17 years · Evil (2 Chronicles 12:14) | |
| 975–954 BC | Jeroboam I 22 years · Evil (1 Kings 14:9) | |
| 958–955 BC | Abijah 3 years · Evil (1 Kings 15:3) | |
| 955–914 BC | Asa 41 years · Right (1 Kings 15:11) | |
| 954–953 BC | Nadab 2 years · Evil (1 Kings 15:26) | |
| 953–930 BC | Baasha 24 years · Evil (1 Kings 15:34) | |
| 930–929 BC | Elah 2 years · Evil (1 Kings 16:13) | |
| 929 BC | Zimri 7 days · Evil (1 Kings 16:19) | |
| 929–918 BC | Omri 12 years · Evil (1 Kings 16:25) | |
| 918–897 BC | Ahab 22 years · Evil (1 Kings 16:30) | |
| 914–889 BC | Jehoshaphat 25 years · Right (1 Kings 22:43) | |
| 897–896 BC | Ahaziah 2 years · Evil (1 Kings 22:52) | |
| 896–884 BC | Joram (Jehoram) 12 years · Evil (2 Kings 3:2) | |
| 889–885 BC | Jehoram 8 years (from his co-regency in 892 BC) · Evil (2 Kings 8:18) | |
| 885–884 BC | Ahaziah 1 year · Evil (2 Kings 8:27) | |
| 884–878 BC | Athaliah 6 years · Evil (2 Chronicles 24:7) | |
| 884–856 BC | Jehu 28 years · Mixed (2 Kings 10:30–31) | |
| 878–839 BC | Joash 40 years · Mixed (2 Kings 12:2) | |
| 856–839 BC | Jehoahaz 17 years · Evil (2 Kings 13:2) | |
| 839–810 BC | Amaziah 29 years · Mixed (2 Kings 14:3) | |
| 839–825 BC | Jehoash (Joash) 16 years · Evil (2 Kings 13:11) | |
| 825–784 BC | Jeroboam II 41 years · Evil (2 Kings 14:24) | |
| 810–759 BC | Uzziah (Azariah) 52 years · Right (2 Kings 15:3) | |
| 773 BC | Zechariah 6 months · Evil (2 Kings 15:9) | |
| 773 BC | Shallum 1 month · No verdict | |
| 773–761 BC | Menahem 10 years · Evil (2 Kings 15:18) | |
| 761–759 BC | Pekahiah 2 years · Evil (2 Kings 15:24) | |
| 759–742 BC | Jotham 16 years · Right (2 Kings 15:34) | |
| 759–739 BC | Pekah 20 years · Evil (2 Kings 15:28) | |
| 742–726 BC | Ahaz 16 years · Evil (2 Kings 16:2) | |
| 730–721 BC | Hoshea 9 years · Evil (2 Kings 17:2) | |
| 726–698 BC | Hezekiah 29 years · Right (2 Kings 18:3) | |
| 698–643 BC | Manasseh 55 years · Mixed (2 Kings 21:2) | |
| 643–641 BC | Amon 2 years · Evil (2 Kings 21:20) | |
| 641–610 BC | Josiah 31 years · Right (2 Kings 22:2) | |
| 610 BC | Jehoahaz 3 months · Evil (2 Kings 23:32) | |
| 610–599 BC | Jehoiakim 11 years · Evil (2 Kings 23:37) | |
| 599 BC | Jehoiachin 3 months · Evil (2 Kings 24:9) | |
| 599–588 BC | Zedekiah 11 years · Evil (2 Kings 24:19) |
Rulers in the New Testament
Scripture gives these rulers no verdict; their years come from Roman and Jewish historians.
Herod and his family
| Ruler | Office | Years | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Herod the Great | King of Judea | 37–4 BC | Matthew 2:1–22; Luke 1:5 |
| Archelaus | Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea | 4 BC – AD 6 | Matthew 2:22 |
| Herod Antipas | Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea | 4 BC – AD 39 | Luke 3:1, 19–20; 13:31–32; 23:6–12; Mark 6:14–29 |
| Philip the tetrarch | Tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis | 4 BC – AD 34 | Luke 3:1; Matthew 16:13 |
| Herod Agrippa I | King of Philip's former tetrarchy | AD 37–41 | Acts 12:1–4 |
| Herod Agrippa I | King of Galilee and Perea | AD 40–41 | Acts 12:1–4 |
| Herod Agrippa I | King of Judea | AD 41–44 | Acts 12:1–23 |
| Herod Agrippa II | King of Philip's former tetrarchy | AD 53–92 | Acts 25:13–26:32 |
| Herod Agrippa II | King in Galilee and Perea | AD 54–92 | Acts 25:13–26:32 |
Roman emperors
| Ruler | Office | Years | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Augustus | Roman emperor | 27 BC – AD 14 | Luke 2:1 |
| Tiberius | Roman emperor | AD 14–37 | Luke 3:1; 20:22–25; John 19:12 |
| Caligula | Roman emperor | AD 37–41 | |
| Claudius | Roman emperor | AD 41–54 | Acts 11:28; 18:2 |
| Nero | Roman emperor | AD 54–68 | Acts 25:10–12; 26:32; Philippians 4:22 |
| Galba, Otho, Vitellius | Roman emperors | AD 68–69 | |
| Vespasian | Roman emperor | AD 69–79 | |
| Titus the Roman emperor | Roman emperor | AD 79–81 | Luke 19:43–44 |
| Domitian | Roman emperor | AD 81–96 | Revelation 1:9 |
| Nerva | Roman emperor | AD 96–98 | |
| Trajan | Roman emperor | AD 98–117 |
Roman governors of Judea
| Ruler | Office | Years | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roman prefects of Judea (AD 6-26) | Roman governors of Judea | AD 6–26 | Acts 5:37 |
| Pontius Pilate | Prefect of Judea | AD 26–36 | Luke 3:1; 13:1; 23:1–25; John 18:28–19:22 |
| Roman prefects of Judea (AD 36-41) | Roman governors of Judea | AD 36–41 | |
| Roman procurators of Judea (AD 44-52) | Roman governors of Judea | AD 44–52 | Acts 11:28 |
| Felix | Procurator of Judea | AD 52–59 | Acts 23:24–24:27 |
| Porcius Festus | Procurator of Judea | AD 59–62 | Acts 24:27–26:32 |
| Albinus and Florus | Procurators of Judea | AD 62–66 | |
| Roman legates of Judea | Roman governors of Judea | AD 70–117 |
See the kings on the interactive timelineThe divided kingdom